Saturday, 20 February 2010

Lecture 3: Design and Terrorism, Rip + Mix

The lecture this week by Lisa Creswell was quite interesting and I thought it was very relevant to what we are currently doing in Design Studies. Seeing how Lisa has used lots of different skills since she has graduated has made me realize how necessary Design Studies is in order to help us develop skills such as mind mapping, researching and reading around relevant subjects.

As a result of this lecture I began to see that as a Textile Design student I might never work in my chosen field. I need to be flexible and able to apply the appropriate skills when necessary. I should also be able to communicate effectively with people who I may never of met, and who may have a different background to me. It is likely that I could end up working with people who have very different skills and knowledge to myself but somehow we have to find a way to adapt and work collaboratively. There may also be language barriers to work around.

Within the lecture Lisa described some of the work she has carried out since graduating with a masters degree in illustration. She has been involved with people from other universities and government agencies working on a project to help understand and so design against terrorism. Lisa spoke of spaces such as the London underground, which can make people feel unsafe. A lack of staff presence can make people uncomfortable and wary as in the event of an emergency or even if a member of the public has a query or concern there is often no member of staff situated on the platform for example to help. Surprisingly CCTV can also raise concern as it suggests safety is perhaps a worry, cameras could be more discrete to reduce this? Poor communication can also lead people to feel unsafe, it is a problem in the underground as there is no phone signal and in many cases the signage is unclear.

After the lecture it was suggested that we considered some public spaces and what makes us feel safe or unsafe. Recently I have been making a mental note of things or places that have made me feel slightly unsafe/wary. Places that are unfamiliar, dimly lit, grotty and run down tend to make me feel less safe. I tend to wonder what sort of people I may be confronted by. Will I get mugged? Is it safe to be on my own? I have also started to pay more attention to security cameras, if there was little likelihood of any crime being committed why would there be cameras? This is similar to police presence I can’t really decide if police presence makes me feel safer or less safe. For example I often wonder why police are sometimes at railway stations, just standing watching. What are they watching for? Is something going to happen? Should I be worried? I think it is difficult to get a balance between making people feel safe and making people question their safety so that they are aware of potential dangers without being worried.

After Lisa’s talk Fraser Bruce went on to tell us about one of his projects entitled ‘Rip + Mix’. Students were encouraged to come up with totally new designs, concepts and ideas in a short time period, this meant that a lot of ideas were generated quickly. The ideas were not necessarily feasible or realistic but could be used to inspire future work. For example an etch-a-sketch newspaper was suggested, the idea was to see the next article you would shake the paper!

The second part of Fraser Bruce’s talk I found less interesting, he explained how it was possible to analyse communication and the effectiveness of communication through diagrams. The diagrams could show processes and paths between different people/parts of a company for example. In some cases it was discovered that if one or two people were to be removed from the process the whole system would fall apart and communication would stop.

Both speakers made it clear that skills we are only just developing now could be very useful in the years to come, its also essential that we are able to communicate effectively and be able apply our knowledge and skills where necessary.

Lecture 2: Service Design

Our second lecture this semester was by David Townson, who now runs his own consultancy. He spoke to us about his career, how he got to where he is today and some of the projects he has done along the way. For example he talked about work he carried out for Orange and also about a community project based around encouraging car sharing. His work seemed to be based a lot on research, investigation, thinking, new ideas, trial and error and designing with others in mind.

After this lecture we were asked to consider the different types of service we use from refuse collection, to restaurants, the university Cantina, health care, energy providers, emergency services, public transport etc. A service I use quite regularly is the train. Mainly for traveling relatively long distances. I think the majority of the service is ok for example the trains in Scotland are normally on time, the seat reservations are accurate and the staff are polite (in most cases) and very helpful. However I do have two problems with using the trains, which I think, need to be addressed. The first is luggage. Last summer my sister was traveling to Newquay and had her suitcase stolen, from the luggage rack on the train. The insurance company refused to pay out, as she was not constantly watching/checking on her case. She was unable to do this as the train was very busy and her seat reservation was for a window seat with her back to her luggage. Having spoken to numerous people since this occurred I have come to realize this is a significant problem. Often there is not ample storage for luggage and people seem to be able to steal luggage quite easy.

The other problem I have is with the tickets. As a student searching for the cheapest way to travel I have come to learn that sometimes booking tickets past your destination and getting off at your destination is cheaper than booking tickets to your destination (this only works if there is no ticket barrier). Sometimes breaking down the trip in to say 3 parts and buying 3 tickets is cheaper than buying 1 ticket. Also the tickets don’t always work at the electronic gates so you have to wait for a member of staff to check your ticket before allowing you to leave the station. And when I book one journey online I am sent lots of tickets. For example I have just booked one return journey and have been sent 11 tickets! 4 of which I can throw straight in the bin as they are useless- 2 tickets clarify it cost me £1 to book my tickets online, one ticket displays the address the tickets were sent to and the other clarifies I paid using a debit/credit card. Of the other 7 tickets 2 are the actual travel tickets and 5 are seat reservations. I also have to show my railcard whilst getting my tickets checked on the train. Surely the purchasing of tickets could be improved and the number of tickets needed for one journey reduced?

So what ‘keeps’ me using the train? It’s much faster and cheaper (when you know how to get cheap tickets) than driving and fortunately my town has a railway station. The bus is also not an option as there is no service available from university to my hometown for example.

A service designer needs to find out who the target audience is and assess what they need or want, in order to improve a service. They may need to take in to consideration lots of people’s opinions and decide what will be most suitable. This in a way is quite similar to textile designers. Textile designers may often need to design for someone who may have different ideas or tastes to themselves, they have to be able to communicate effectively with a client and please a client in order to gain a good reputation.

Tuesday, 16 February 2010

Paul Smith

I love bright colours and recently some of Paul Smiths work caught my attention when I was flicking through Elle Magazine. I like his use of bright, clashing colours and the mixture of bold prints. I think his work is fun, yet quite sophisticated due to the tailoring of the garments. The pieces shown below are part of one of his collections.




















http://www.paulsmith.co.uk/collections/index/women,245,PSC.html

Assignment 2: Experiment 2E

Experiment 3
Adding Text





































In a final attempt to get everyone to think of the same story i added 2 words: Travelled to the picture of the motorway and ate to the picture of the pear. Below are my results:

Clive: I travelled from work down the motorway late at night, I arrived in to my empty kitchen and ate a pear.

Mum: I travelled down the motorway, got home, went in to the kitchen, ate a pear.

Sarah: Person (Sammy) travelled on a busy road home to her kitchen and ate a pear.

Gina: I travelled home on the motorway, sat down in the kitchen and ate a pear.

Sam: The driver travelled at such a speed that there was a police officer waiting to give out a speeding ticket, the driver was rushing home in to the kitchen to do some washing up, the driver felt the need to have a healthy lifestyle so ate a pear.

Lisa: I travelled on the motorway home from work, I went in to the kitchen and ate a pear.

Jon: The old man reminisced of a time when he travelled to a kitchen where he ate a pear. It was a simpler time, a better time.

What I noticed and how this is related the 'Rhetoric of the Image' and the concept of polysemy.

In general this was a more successful experiment with most people coming up with a similar story. Sam and Jon, 2 of the 3 males i asked added more details. Sam added in things that weren’t visible in the images such as a police officer and dirty dishes. Jon on the other hand did not mention the motorway, and he talks of an old man. The women who i asked seemed to give shorter snappier answers which were all quite similar to one another. However i am not sure that it made that much difference.

Throughout the experiment some people came up with similar stories and some people seemed to add in little extra pieces of information. Perhaps this is due to the concept of polysemy people draw different meanings from within the mages as everyone is influenced by different things, aspects within an image can trigger different thoughts in different people. Because of this i agree with Barthes in that a persons background, age, interests, occupation etc can affect their interpretation/analysis of something. I also think that to some extent my investigation has contradicted Barthes as text does not always help to clarify a message. I think the use of text is sometimes necessary in order to establish something for example that the pear was eaten rather than chopped up. This experiment was perhaps the most successful of the 3, however even with text not everyone came up with the same story. Some details differed, some people seemed to add more details and information than was necessary. (There is always the argument that i chose the wrong words/the wrong story/difficult people!)

Without the text a number of people managed to come up with the same story and probably the majority were thinking along the same lines. I think it is therefore fair to suggest that Barthes is correct in saying that images without text can be powerful in portraying a message.

I think carrying out this experiment not only helped me understand the essay by Roland Barthes better but it has also lead me to think more carefully about how things can mean different things to different people. I will also try to think more about the use and importance of text and whether text is always necessary.



Assignment 2: Experiment 2D

The fourth Image
Experiment 2

Next, we have to think of a way in which to get everyone to come up with the same story. I decided to aim for a story along the lines of the following: 'Drive on motorway to deliver the pear to the kitchen' + 'Person travels home from work goes in to kitchen gets a pear and eats it' This is because these two answers are quite simple and a number of the stories given were quite similar but had differences in the order in which they linked the images. This time I think I may add a fourth image and also ask each person to link the images in a specific order as shown below:






























I was unsure as to whether I needed to specify a ‘person’ who a few people refer to or perhaps the place where the pear comes from?

I decided that since most people seemed to imagine/name/suggest a person in their story that I would clarify that person as a businessman. The story I will try and get people come up with is that 'A businessman travels home from work on the motorway, when he gets home he goes in to the kitchen and gets/eats a pear'

Experiment 2 results:

Jon: The business man is rushing home after his flight was held up. He speeds down the motorway to try & get to his wife in time. He gets to the house. His wife is nowhere to be found. The kidnappers have left a note in the kitchen. They've taken all the man's food except a single pear. It's a Sunday night, the supermarkets are all closed, all he's eaten all day is plane food, he has to eat- can he possibly trust a kidnapper's pear??

Lisa: Man drives home from work and when he gets home he goes in to the kitchen and eats a pear.

Sam: The person in picture 1 is calling to request a lift which is late, this links to picture 2 where the driver is battling through rush hour traffic, in order to finish off some decorating in the dining room before making fruit salads by cutting up the pear.

Gina: The man leaves his office late at night on the phone, finishes the conversation gets in the car drives home on the motorway (commuter) then he sits down and eats a pear.

Sarah: This is a person working in a busy city-hence the briefcase. He was using public transport due to congestion on the roads of Britain. He finally got home after a busy day and sat on a chair in the kitchen and ate a pear, essential vitamins after his day of hard work.

Mum: Solitary businessman, drives down the motorway, gets home. Goes in to his kitchen feeling peckish has a pear out of the fruit bowl.

Clive: A man leaving work rings his wife on the phone, drives home goes in to the kitchen, realises his wife has left him. (There is only one pear not a pair)

Again not everyone came up with the same story, some people seem to have more imagination than others. Perhaps this is because they see more meanings than others or have a different background, more interests for example. Only 4/7 came up with similar stories. I think this may be as a result of 2 errors. I think i may have added the wrong image, i think similar to a member of my group i should have added a supermarket or building as she had much more success. The businessman turned out to be less clear than i intended and perhaps even further complicated the story. I also may be should of asked a different set of people as i accidentally missed this point when reading the instructions. If i had asked a different set of people they couldn't have been influenced by the story they came up with for experiment 1.

Assignment 2: Experiment 2C

Once we had selected our images we decided we would each ask a number of people to look at each of the images in any order and to think about what was going on in them. Then we asked them to produce a story that links the 3 images, again the images could be linked in any order. We also made a note of everyones gender, age, occupation and interests. We decided it was going to be too difficult to do all of this as part of a group and so although we each set off with the same 3 images and asked our friends and family the same questions we used our results in a different way. This meant we were able to make comparisons between our adapted experiments, what worked and what didn’t?

Clive: Male, 54, River Keeper. Interests: Fishing, Photography, Cars

Story: Person travels home from work goes in to kitchen gets a pear and eats it

Wendy: Female, 47, Midday Supervisor. Interests: Gardening, Decorating, Travel

Story: Drive on motorway to deliver the pear to the kitchen

Sarah: Female, 19, Fine Art Student. Interests: Art, Watching Curling, Reading, Daisy chain making, star gazing, baking cakes and eating them, Seeing Friends, Family + Boyfriend, Music, 'Going on the swings really high so i feel like i am flying', going out dancing and for drinks.

Story: Person (Sammy) is going on a journey on a motorway to her granny’s in the countryside where wild pears grow, they have tea and cakes in a nice wee kitchen.

Gina: Female, 18, Student (school) Interests: Music, Festivals, Travel

Story: Just left home where were sitting at the table, grabbed a pear got in my car and off I drove

Sam: Male, 21, Social Work Student. Interests: Football, Music, Tv

Story: A person was rushing home from work to finish refurbishing the dining room, but on the way stopped for some fruit.

Lisa: Female, 19, Biomedical Science Student. Interests: Formula 1, Music

Story: The pear moves from where it is grown to the supermarkets where it is bought to the home it is eaten in, travelling via the motorways off the world.

Jon: Male, 19, Osteopathy Student. Interests: Sport, Music

Story: A family has gone to an awards show but has to leave suddenly. They realise they have left their pear out in the kitchen. They’ve got to put it in the fridge quickly before it goes rotten. No one else can help them. Will they make it in a race against mother nature?


What I have noticed so far for Experiment 1

Most people imagine someone in the story

2 people mentioned work

3 people mention eating the pear

3 people mention travelling

Jon, Sarah and Sam tend to go in to greater detail than the others i asked.

I am unsure of the 'correct' number of people to ask although i think 7 is enough information to be working with for now and some people are already coming up with similar stories.

Assignment 2: Experiment 2B

After reading the ‘Rhetoric of the Image’ by Roland Barthes we were asked to do the following tasks in order to understand the 'Rhetoric of the Image' and also the concept of polysemy better. First we were asked to select 3 random photographs and ask family and friends to come up with a story to link the images together. We selected our images by using http://www.sxc.hu/ to generate random images. The first 3 times we pressed the 'randomizer' button on the website photographs of landscapes were brought up, however we discarded these. Partially out of curiosity to see how random the 'randomizer' is and also as we thought people are unlikely to come up with a story about 3 landscape photographs. The next 3 images we generated are the ones, which we chose and are shown below: